Упражнение 7.
Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык.
Having arrived a day before the
opening of the conference we had enough time to go sightseeing.
Прибыв за день до открытия конференции, мы имели достаточно
времени для осмотра достопримечательностей.
The child sat on the floor
packing his toys.
Ребенок сидел на полу, упаковывая свои игрушки.
Having ordered his dinner he
began looking through a newspaper.
Заказав обед, он начал просматривать газету.
While talking to the man she
remembered that she had seen him before.
Разговаривая с мужчиной, она вспомнила, что видела его
прежде.
Having found out why some
students were absent the chairman opened the meeting.
Выяснив, почему некоторые студенты отсутствовали,
председатель начал собрание.
Being asked what he was going
to do next the pilot said that he wanted to repeat the flight.
Когда пилота спросили, что он
собирается делать дальше, он сказал, что он хочет повторить полет.
Having been written the letter
was sent to the manager.
Когда письмо было написано, он было отправлено менеджеру.
We spent much time lying in the
sun and swimming during our leave.
Мы провели много времени, лежа на солнце и купаясь, во время
нашего отпуска.
We know of millions of workers
in capitalist countries being out of work.
Мы знаем о миллионах безработных рабочих в капиталистических
странах.
Having settled down the
travelers decided to prepare dinner.
Обустроившись, путешественники решили приготовить обед.
Упражнение 8. Выберите
правильный ответ.
1.
In what case ca a fraction be reduced to lower terms?
1. If the numerator and denominator of a
fraction have no common divisors.
2. If
the numerator and the denominator of a fraction are divisible by a single
number.
3. If the numerator and the denominator of a
fraction are divisible by their greatest common divisor.
2. What do we call a proper fraction?
1. A fraction whose numerator is less than the denominator.
2.
A fraction whose numerator is equal to or larger than the denominator.
3.
A fraction whose denominator is any power of 10.
3. What does the numerator of a fraction
indicate?
1. It indicates the operation of division.
2. It indicates the
number of fractional units contained in the fraction.
4. What happens to the quotient if the
divisor of a fraction increases some times?
1. The quotient increases the same number of
times.
2. The quotient decreases
the same number of times.
3. The quotient remains the same.
Упражнение 9. Выберите правильный ответ.
1. Which of
the following fractions is a proper one?
25/8, 1
3/7, 1/5.
2. Which of
the following fractions is written in its lowest terms?
25/35, 1/7, 6/28.
3. Which of
the following expressions is greater?
¾ of 60, 5/8 of 80, 5/7 of 49.
4. What
number if 6 times as big as 2/3?
5/6, 4, 1½.
5. Which of
the following numbers is greater (less)?
3/7, 10/7,
19/7.
Greater:
19/7
Less: 3/7.
Упражнение 10. Выберите правильный вопрос
1.
A fraction is one or the sum of several fractional units.
1. What
are the general principles of fractions?
2. What do you mean by a fraction?
3. What
term of a fraction names its fractional units?
2. The denominator names the fractional unit.
1. Is the
denominator one of the terms of a fraction?
2. What does the denominator of a fraction
indicate?
3. What
fractional unit can the denominator name?
3.
A number which is expressed by a whole number and a fraction is called
a mixed number.
1. What are the parts making a mixed number?
2. Can
any whole number be expressed as a fraction?
3. What
fraction can be expressed as a mixed number?
4.
In general a fraction can be reduced to lower terms if numerator and
denominator are divisible by a single number, that is, if they have a common
devisor.
1. What
do we call a common devisor of the numerator and denominator of a fraction?
2. What
do we mean by reducing a fraction to its lower terms?
3. When can a fraction be reduced to the
lower terms?
Упражнение 11.
Прочтите следующие утверждения. Скажите, правильные они, неправильные или не
включены в текст.
1. Since a fraction indicates a division the
value of an improper fraction will not be greater than 1, because the numerator
is greater than the denominator. (F, can be greater than 1)
2.
In
general, the least common denominator of two or more fractions is the least
common multiple of their several denominators. (T)
3. When fractions with the same denominator are
added or subtracted, the result is a fraction with the same denominator. (T)
4. The process of working out 1 1/2 : ¼ is
equivalent to finding how many quarters there are in 1 ½. (T)
5.
In
general when the denominators are the same, fractions having larger numerators
have larger values. (T)
6. We know that fractions indicate division
where the numerator is a divisor, the denominator is a dividend and the value
of the fraction is the quotient. (F, the numerator is a dividend, the
denominator is a divisor)
7. If we interchange the numerator and the
denominator of a fraction than the fraction so obtained is called the
reciprocal of the given one. (no information)
8. Adding zero to any fraction changes the
number. (F)
9. Subtracting zero from any number (fraction)
leaves the number unchanged. (T)
10. The quotient resulting from the division of
zero by zero is always zero. (F, you cannot divide by zero)
Упражнение 12. Расположите следующие предложения в логической
последовательности.
I.
This
is written in symbol ¼.
Thus,
if the unit is divided into four equal parts, each fractional unit is
called one fourth.
If
a single unit, as 1 foot,
1 pound,
1 object of any kind, is divided into equal parts each of the parts is
called a fractional unit and is named according to the number of equal
parts.
Similarly,
each of ten equal parts is called one tenth, 1/10; etc.
Ответ: 3, 2, 1, 4.
II.
In
a fraction such as ¼, 1/6, 2/3, 7/11, etc, the horizontal line separating
the two numbers in each fraction is called the fraction line.
The
denominator names the fractional unit and the numerator indicates the
number of those units contained in the fraction.
A
fraction is one or the sum of several fractional units.
The
numerator and denominator taken together are sometimes called the terms of
the fraction.
The
number above the fractional line is the numerator and that below is the
denominator of the fraction.
Ответ: 3, 1, 5, 2, 4.
III.
In
general, a fraction can be reduced to lower terms if numerator and
denominator are divisible by a single number, that is, if they have a
common divisor.
Similarly,
if the numerator and denominator of 8/12 are separately divided by 4, the
fraction 8/12 is reduced to the equivalent fraction.
On
examination it is seen that in order to reduce 3/12 to ¼ the numerator and
denominator are each separately divided by 3.
In
order to reduce a fraction to its lowest terms, therefore, it is seen at
once that the greatest common divisor must be used.
Thus,
we have the following rule: to reduce a fraction to its lowest terms,
divide its numerator and its denominator by their greatest common divisor.
