Complex Subject = The Nominative with the Infinitive
(сложное подлежащее с инфинитивом)
Это сочетание существительного в общем падеже или местоимения в именительном падеже, выполняющего в предложении функцию подлежащего, с инфинитивом. Эта конструкция строится по следующей схеме:
He is known
(известно, глагол обычно в страдательном залоге) to go to
Переводить следует начинать со сказуемого: говорят, слышали и т.д.
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She |
is was will be |
Чувственное восприятие seen, heard, noticed, observed, felt |
to do smth to be done |
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They were heard to quarrel. – Слышали, как они ссорились. |
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She |
is was will be |
Принуждение, побуждение made, forced, told, ordered, asked, allowed, permitted |
to do smth to be done |
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She was told to wait in the office. - Ей сказали, чтобы она ждала в офисе. |
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She |
is was will be |
Умственная деятельность known, supposed, believed, considered, thought (think), expected, imagined, found (find) |
to do smth to have done smth to be doing smth. to be done to have been done to have been doing smth. |
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He is known to have been one of the most popular writers of his time. – Известно, что он был одним из самых современных писателей своего времени. |
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She |
is was will be |
Говорение и сообщение said, reported, declared, predicted |
Все формы инфинитива |
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He is said to have bought this refinery. Говорят, что он купил этот нефтеперерабатывающий завод. |
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She |
is was will be |
Фразы, выражающие разные оттенки возможности и уверенности sure, certain, bound, (not) likely |
Все формы инфинитива |
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He was not likely to have made a mistake. – Вряд ли он сделал ошибку. |
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She |
Личное отношение к фактам и их оценка seems, seemed, will seem appears, appeared, will appear happens, happened, will happen ----------, proved, will prove ----------, turned out, will turn out |
Все формы инфинитива |
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to seam, to appear - казаться, to happen - случаться, to prove, to turn out - оказаться. You seem to know everything. – Кажется, ты знаешь все. ***You don’t seem to know everything – Кажется, ты всего не знаешь. (Не кажется, что ты все знаешь – нельзя!) |
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Training
Переведите и найдите complex subject.
1. She is supposed to have been taken to hospital. Полагают, что ее забрали в больницу.
2. Things are sure to get better. Дела, непременно, наладятся.
3. The book is bound to be remembered. Книгу, непременно, будут помнить.
4. Some emotion seemed to be torturing him. Казалось, его мучило какое-то чувство.
5. He seems to notice nothing unusual. Кажется, он не замечает ничего необычного.
6. I happened to be standing at the window. Случилось, что я стоял около окна.
7. The picture proved to have been stolen. Оказалось, картина была похищена.
Раскройте скобки
1. She smiled broadly and waved her hand. She seemed (to recognize) me.
(to have recognized)
2. Even if he is out you needn’t worry. He is sure (to leave) the key under the door-mat.
(to have left)
3. At that time I happened (to work) at my first novel. (be working)
4. You won’t be likely (to miss) the train if you start right away. (to miss)
5. Don’t cry! Everything is bound (to get) right between you. (to get)
6. She lost her head and seemed (to forget) the little English she knew. (to have forgotten)
8. You needn’t mention it again. He is not likely (to forget) it. (to have forgotten, to forget)
9. He is believed (to teach) by his father. (to have been taught)
10 You needn’t tell me this. I happen (to give) all the details by Mother.
(to have been given)
11. She is expected (to operate) on today. (to be operated on)
12. Just look at his hands. He is sure (to work) in the garage. (to have been working)
Переведите
1. Видели, как она писала стихотворение. She was seen to write a verse (a poem)
2. Ее попросили написать стихотворение. He was asked to write a verse.
3. Думали, что она пишет стихи. She was believed to write verses.
4. Рассчитывали, что она напишет стихотворение. She was expected to write a verse.
5. Предполагали, что она написала это стихотворение. She was supposed to have written this verse.
6. Конечно, она сейчас пишет стихотворение. She is sure to be writing a verse now.
7. Конечно, она написала стихотворение. She is sure to have written a verse.
8. Вряд ли она пишет стихи. She is unlikely to write verses.
9. Вряд ли она написала стихотворение. She is unlikely to have written a verse.
10. Конечно, стихотворение уже написано. The verse is sure to have been written.
11. Конечно, она его уже написала. She is sure to have written it.
12. Кажется, она пишет стихи. She seems to write verses.
13. Казалось, что она пишет стихотворение. She seemed to be writing a verse.
14. Оказалось, что она написала стихотворение. She proved to have written a verse.